Large sized Blast Furnaces

Injection of coal and waste plastics in blast furnaces

The majority of waste plastics currently produced are either landfilled or incinerated. Plastics do not readily degrade and toxic elements can be leached from the landfill. Combustion of waste plastics can generate environmentally hazardous air pollutants such as dioxins/furans, as well as undesirable carbon dioxide. Consequently, cost effective ways of recycling the increasing amounts of gener...

Metallurgical Furnaces

A Novel Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine for Gas Utilization Ratio Prediction in Blast Furnaces

Gas utilization ratio (GUR) is an important indicator used to measure the operating status and energy consumption of blast furnaces (BFs). In this paper, we present a soft-sensor approach, i.e., a novel online sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM) named DU-OS-ELM, to establish a data-driven model for GUR prediction. In DU-OS-ELM, firstly, the old collected data are discarded gradually an...

Improving large-sized PLC programs

This paper proposes a formal representation of logic controllers programs that is aiming at improving scalability of model-checking techniques, when verifying controllers extrinsic properties. This representation includes only the states which are meaningful for properties proof and minimizes the number of variables that feature each state. Comparison with previously proposed representations, o...

Fuels and Furnaces

The subject matter of this paper, if treated in the general sense, covers an extremely wide field to which it is impossible to do justice in the time allocated. It is even difficult to cover the subject adequately if we confine ourselves only to the furnace design of bagasse fired sugar mill boilers. I therefore intend to give a short summary of past and present bagasse furnace designs and cove...